Odisha Geography covering Physical Features, Rivers, Climate, Natural Resources, Forests, Wildlife, and Important Places
Physical Geography of Odisha (1-50)
1. Odisha is located on the eastern coast of India.
2. The total area of Odisha is 155,707 square kilometers.
3. Odisha is the 8th largest state in India by area.
4. Odisha shares borders with West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh.
5. The Bay of Bengal lies to the east of Odisha.
6. Odisha has a coastline of 485 km.
7. Odisha lies between 17.49°N and 22.34°N latitude.
8. The longitudinal extent of Odisha is 81.27°E to 87.29°E.
9. The Eastern Ghats pass through Odisha.
10. The highest peak in Odisha is Deomali (1,672 m) in Koraput district.
11. Mahendragiri (1,501 m) is the second-highest peak in Odisha.
12. The Chilika Lake is the largest brackish water lagoon in India.
13. Satkosia Gorge is located along the Mahanadi River.
14. Daringbadi in Kandhamal is called the ‘Kashmir of Odisha’ due to its cold climate.
15. The Odisha Coastal Plain extends from Subarnarekha in the north to Bahuda in the south.
16. The Baitarani River Basin is known as the ‘Sorrow of Odisha’ due to frequent floods.
17. The Simlipal Hills are located in Mayurbhanj district.
18. The Malkangiri district has the highest number of waterfalls in Odisha.
19. The Kalahandi Plateau is known for its mineral deposits.
20. The Chhotanagpur Plateau extends into northern Odisha.
21. Odisha has four physiographic divisions: the coastal plain, the middle mountainous region, the central plateau, and the western uplands.
22. The Brahmani River basin covers most of the industrial regions of Odisha.
23. The Dhauli Hills have Ashokan rock edicts.
24. The Rajhans Peninsula separates Chilika Lake from the Bay of Bengal.
25. The Bhitarkanika Mangrove Forest is India’s second-largest mangrove ecosystem.
26. Odisha has one major port (Paradip) and two upcoming ports (Dhamra and Gopalpur).
27. The Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Hirakud Reservoir.
28. Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi River is the longest earthen dam in the world.
29. Jirang in Gajapati district is known as Odisha’s ‘Little Tibet’.
30. The Balimela Reservoir is located in Malkangiri district.
31. Odisha has 11 major waterfalls, including Barehipani, Joranda, Khandadhar, Duduma, and Badaghagra.
32. Gopalpur Beach is a famous tourist destination on Odisha’s coast.
33. Talsari Beach is known for red crabs and scenic views.
34. Odisha has four major islands: Kalijai, Parikud, Nalabana, and Rajhans.
35. The Chilika Lake Bird Sanctuary is famous for migratory birds from Siberia.
36. Satkosia Tiger Reserve is located along the Mahanadi River Gorge.
37. The Mayurbhanj region has dense Sal forests.
38. Koraput district is famous for terraced rice cultivation.
39. Dhenkanal district is known for sugarcane farming.
40. Keonjhar district is rich in iron ore reserves.
41. Bolangir district is known for groundnut and cotton cultivation.
42. Nuapada district has large deposits of bauxite.
43. Jeypore in Koraput district is the first planned city in Odisha.
44. Rourkela is known as the Steel City of Odisha.
45. The Mahanadi Delta is Odisha’s most fertile region.
46. Odisha has three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon, and winter.
47. The highest temperature recorded in Odisha was 48.6°C in Titlagarh (2016).
48. The average annual rainfall in Odisha is around 1,450 mm.
49. Cyclone Fani (2019) was one of the worst cyclones to hit Odisha.
50. Ganjam district has the longest coastline among all districts in Odisha.
Rivers and Lakes of Odisha (51-100)
51. The Mahanadi River is the longest river in Odisha.
52. The Brahmani River is the second-longest river in Odisha.
53. The Baitarani River originates from the Gonasika Hills in Keonjhar.
54. The Rushikulya River flows into the Bay of Bengal near Ganjam.
55. The Vansadhara River flows through Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
56. The Subarnarekha River originates in Jharkhand and enters Odisha.
57. The Nagavali River originates in Odisha and flows into Andhra Pradesh.
58. The Indravati River is a tributary of the Godavari River.
59. The Kolab River originates from the Deomali Hills in Koraput.
60. The Tel River is a major tributary of the Mahanadi.
61. The Budhabalanga River flows through Mayurbhanj and Balasore.
62. The Chilika Lake is the largest coastal lagoon in India.
63. Nalabana Island in Chilika Lake is a bird sanctuary.
64. Ansupa Lake in Cuttack is Odisha’s largest freshwater lake.
65. Kanjia Lake is located near Nandankanan Zoological Park.
66. Tampara Lake is a scenic lake in Ganjam district.
67. Sarafgarh Dam Reservoir is located in Sundargarh district.
68. Deras Dam is an irrigation dam near Bhubaneswar.
69. Balimela Dam is located on the Sileru River.
70. Upper Indravati Dam is an important hydropower project.
71. The Rengali Dam is built on the Brahmani River.
72. The Mandira Dam provides water to the Rourkela Steel Plant.
73. The Hirakud Reservoir is the largest artificial lake in Odisha.
74. Hadgarh Dam is built on the Salandi River.
75. Patora Dam is located in Nuapada district.
76. Deo River is an important tributary of the Subarnarekha.
77. Salia Dam is a popular tourist spot in Khordha district.
78. The Lingaraj Temple Tank (Bindusagar) is a famous waterbody in Bhubaneswar.
79. Jhumka Dam is located near Bhubaneswar.
80. Pitamahal Dam is located in Sundargarh district.
81. The Bramhani-Baitarani Delta is an important rice-growing area.
82. The Daya River is historically significant for the Kalinga War.
83. The Devi River is a distributary of the Mahanadi.
84. Salandi River flows through Bhadrak district.
85. Kharasrota River is a branch of the Baitarani.
86. The Ib River is a tributary of the Mahanadi.
87. Chitrotpala River is a distributary of the Mahanadi.
88. Teligarh Reservoir is an important irrigation project.
89. The Ghodahada Reservoir is located in Ganjam.
90. Bhargavi River is sacred to the Jagannath Temple.
91. The Sankha River flows through Balasore district.
92. The Nuanai River meets the Bay of Bengal near Puri.
93. Balanga River flows in Nayagarh district.
94. The Badanadi River is a tributary of the Rushikulya.
95. Baghalati Dam is located in Ganjam district.
96. Bhairavi River flows through Rayagada district.
97. Dhanei River is an important water source in Ganjam.
98. Kansabansa River flows through Keonjhar district.
99. Luna River is another distributary of the Mahanadi.
100. Budhabalanga River merges with the Subarnarekha before entering the Bay of Bengal.
Forests and Wildlife of Odisha (101-150)
101. Odisha has 37.34% of its total area covered under forests.
102. The Simlipal National Park is the largest national park in Odisha.
103. The Bhitarkanika National Park is famous for its saltwater crocodiles.
104. Nandankanan Zoological Park is located near Bhubaneswar.
105. The Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary is known for its elephants.
106. Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Nuapada district.
107. Satkosia Gorge Wildlife Sanctuary is known for mugger crocodiles and gharials.
108. The Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Balasore district.
109. The Ushakothi Wildlife Sanctuary is also called Badrama Wildlife Sanctuary.
110. Karlapat Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Kalahandi district.
111. Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary is situated along the Salandi River.
112. The Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is located near Hirakud Reservoir.
113. Gahirmatha Beach is the largest nesting ground for Olive Ridley turtles.
114. The Simlipal Tiger Reserve is the only tiger reserve in Odisha.
115. The Bhitarkanika Mangrove Forest is India’s second-largest mangrove ecosystem.
116. Tikarpada Wildlife Sanctuary is famous for gharials.
117. Khandadhar Falls is located in the Sundargarh district.
118. Barehipani Falls is the highest waterfall in Odisha (399 m).
119. Joranda Falls is the second-highest waterfall in Odisha (150 m).
120. Duduma Waterfall is on the Machkund River.
121. Badaghagra Falls is located in Keonjhar district.
122. Sanaghagra Falls is a popular tourist attraction in Keonjhar.
123. Harishankar Waterfall is a famous picnic spot in Balangir.
124. Putudi Waterfall is located in Phulbani district.
125. Deojhar Waterfall is located near Cuttack.
126. Gandahati Waterfall is located in Gajapati district.
127. Handibhanga Waterfall is found in Keonjhar.
128. Pradhanpat Waterfall is in Deogarh district.
129. Gupteswar Cave Temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva.
130. Patali Srikhetra in Subarnapur is an important religious site.
131. Taptapani Hot Spring is a famous geothermal spring in Ganjam.
132. Taratarini Temple is one of the four major Shakti Peethas in Odisha.
133. Lakhari Valley Wildlife Sanctuary is in Gajapati district.
134. Mahendragiri Hills are associated with the Ramayana.
135. Balukhand-Konark Wildlife Sanctuary is home to blackbucks.
136. Hadgarh Dam and Wildlife Sanctuary are located in Keonjhar.
137. Sunabeda Sanctuary is home to tigers and leopards.
138. Gandhamardan Hills is a medicinal plant conservation area.
139. Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Nayagarh and Boudh districts.
140. Tensa Valley is a lesser-known ecotourism spot in Sundargarh.
141. Deras Dam and Jhumka Dam provide water to Chandaka forest.
142. Odisha’s forests are rich in teak, sal, bamboo, and mahua trees.
143. Bhitarkanika National Park has India’s largest population of estuarine crocodiles.
144. Satkosia Gorge is formed by the Mahanadi River.
145. Ansupa Lake is Odisha’s largest freshwater lake.
146. Sundari trees dominate Bhitarkanika’s mangrove ecosystem.
147. Simlipal was declared a biosphere reserve in 1994.
148. Hirakud Reservoir is the largest man-made lake in Odisha.
149. Odisha has 21 wildlife sanctuaries.
150. The Puri-Konark marine drive is one of the most scenic coastal routes in India.
Natural Resources and Industries of Odisha (151-200)
151. Odisha is the largest producer of bauxite in India.
152. Odisha has India’s largest deposits of chromite ore.
153. The Daitari Mines are famous for iron ore production.
154. The Kendujhar district is known for iron ore mining.
155. The Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL) operates major coal mines in Odisha.
156. Odisha has major coal mines in Talcher and Ib Valley.
157. Jharsuguda is known as the ‘Powerhouse of Odisha’.
158. Odisha is a leading producer of manganese, graphite, and limestone.
159. Niyamgiri Hills are known for their bauxite deposits.
160. The Sukinda Valley has one of the world’s largest chromite reserves.
161. Paradeep Port is Odisha’s only major port.
162. Dhamra Port is Odisha’s deepwater port.
163. Gopalpur Port is a developing commercial port in Odisha.
164. Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP) was India’s first public sector steel plant.
165. Hirakud Aluminium Plant is located in Sambalpur.
166. Odisha is the second-largest producer of aluminium in India.
167. NALCO (National Aluminium Company Limited) is based in Odisha.
168. Tata Steel’s Kalinganagar plant is a major steel-producing unit.
169. Odisha is known for its handloom industry, especially Sambalpuri and Bomkai sarees.
170. Pipili is famous for its applique work.
171. Odisha has a large seafood export industry.
172. Berhampur is famous for silk weaving.
173. Bhubaneswar is called the ‘Temple City of India’.
174. Odisha is India’s largest producer of ferroalloys.
175. Choudwar is a major industrial area in Cuttack district.
176. Rayagada is known as the ‘Paper Town of Odisha’.
177. Balangir is famous for its terracotta handicrafts.
178. Rourkela and Jajpur have Odisha’s major industrial belts.
179. Odisha has two Special Economic Zones (SEZs) at Paradip and Gopalpur.
180. Odisha has a high potential for solar and wind energy projects.
181. The Indravati Dam is a key hydroelectric project in Odisha.
182. Odisha produces 90% of India’s chromite ore.
183. The Tensa Valley is rich in iron ore deposits.
184. Rajgangpur is famous for cement industries.
185. Odisha produces high-quality graphite in Balangir and Rayagada.
186. Odisha’s coastline has rich marine biodiversity.
187. The Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project (ICZMP) is being implemented in Odisha.
188. Odisha has major industrial estates in Angul, Sundargarh, and Jharsuguda.
189. Choudwar and Balasore are hubs for small-scale industries.
190. Odisha’s iron ore is exported to Japan and China.
191. Jharsuguda Airport is known as Veer Surendra Sai Airport.
192. Odisha has over 2000 km of national highways.
193. NH-16 and NH-55 are major highways in Odisha.
194. Odisha ranks among the top five mineral-rich states of India.
195. Odisha has over 11,000 km of state highways.
196. Odisha has the second-highest share of forest area among Indian states.
197. The Sambalpur-Bargarh region is known for its paddy production.
198. Odisha ranks third in India in total fisheries production.
199. Odisha has five major industrial corridors.
200. The Odisha government has launched ‘Make in Odisha’ to boost industries.
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